Do You Have a Dead Tooth/Dead Tooth Nerve? Symptoms and Diagnosis

A healthy tooth includes a living nerve inside it. This nerve sends blood and sensations to the teeth. However, due to injury or decay, this nerve can die. This condition is known as a dead tooth or dead tooth nerve. If left untreated, it can cause infection, discoloration, and tooth loss. Recognizing the symptoms early and receiving a proper diagnosis is critical for preventing further damage.

What Is a Dead Tooth?

A dead tooth, also known as a non-vital tooth, shows that the nerve and blood supply within the tooth have died. When the pulp—the soft tissue inside the tooth—is damaged, it loses its ability to send signals and support the tooth's overall health. The tooth may still be in place, but it is no longer alive.

Causes of a Dead Tooth

There are two common reasons for a dead tooth:

Tooth decay – When bacteria from cavities reach the pulp, it can infect and kill the nerve.

Trauma or injury - A hard impact or accident can damage the nerve or blood vessels, cutting off the supply and causing the victim to die.

Common Symptoms of a Dead Tooth

A dead tooth does not always hurt, but it frequently shows obvious signs. Knowing what to look for can help you spot it early.

Tooth Discoloration

Color change is one of the most visible symptoms of a dead tooth. It could turn gray, brown, or even black over time. This occurs when the internal tissue begins to break down.

Pain or Discomfort

A dying tooth can cause pain in various stages. You might feel:

• A dull ache
• Sharp or shooting pain
• Sensitivity to heat and cold

Sometimes there is no pain, especially if the nerve has died. However, the area surrounding the tooth may remain sensitive or swollen.

Swelling or Abscess

A dead tooth may become infected, resulting in swelling or pus around the gum. You might notice:

• A bad taste in your mouth
• Bad breath
• Swelling of the gums or face
• A pimple-like bump on the gums (dental abscess)

Loose Tooth

Without a functioning nerve and blood flow, the surrounding bone and ligaments may deteriorate. This may make the tooth feel loose or wobbly.

How Dentists Diagnose a Dead Tooth

If you suspect you have a dead tooth, you should see a dentist. Early detection can prevent complications.

Visual Examination

Dentists can usually tell by looking at the tooth. Darkening or other signs of trauma could indicate a problem.

Sensitivity Testing

To determine whether the nerve is still active, your dentist may perform a cold or electric test. If the tooth doesn't respond, it could be non-vital.

Percussion Test

The dentist may lightly tap the tooth to determine if it causes pain. A painful response may indicate inflammation surrounding the tooth.

X-Ray Imaging

An X-ray can determine whether the nerve is dead. It can also reveal whether there is an infection, abscess, or bone loss near the root.

What Happens If You Don’t Treat a Dead Tooth?

Ignoring a dead tooth can cause serious oral health issues. Untreated infections can spread to other teeth, the jaw, or even the bloodstream.

Complications could include:

• Severe pain
• Gum infection
• Jawbone damage
• Tooth loss
• Spread of infectionEarly intervention can prevent these complications and save your smile.

Treatment Options for a Dead Tooth

Depending on the condition, your dentist may recommend any of the following:

Root Canal Therapy

A root canal is a common method for treating a dead tooth. The dentist will remove the dead pulp, clean the root canals, and seal the tooth. This procedure helps to preserve tooth structure and prevent infection.

Tooth Extraction

If a tooth is severely damaged, it may need to be extracted. After extraction, the missing tooth can be replaced with dental implants, bridges, or dentures.

Internal Bleaching

If discoloration is a concern, internal bleaching can be performed following a root canal. It improves the tooth's appearance from the inside.

Preventing a Dead Tooth

You can lower your risk by practicing good dental habits:

• Brush and floss daily
• Visit your dentist regularly
• Wear a mouthguard during sports
• Treat cavities and dental injuries early

Regular dental care is essential to keeping your teeth healthy and alive.

A dead tooth can sometimes go unnoticed, but it frequently exhibits symptoms such as discoloration, pain, or swelling. If you notice any of these symptoms, do not wait. A dentist can diagnose the problem using simple tests and X-rays. A root canal or extraction can resolve the issue while also protecting your overall health. Early treatment is the most effective way to avoid serious complications from a dead tooth nerve.